The author offers some remarks on the Italian philosopher Lorenzo
Calabi’s views on Karl Löwith’s thought on the philosophy of history. Classical philosophies of history (e.g. Turgot, Kant, Hegel) aim at understanding their own time as history: i. e., they do not only think of a meaning, nor do they only conceive of
themselves as a concluding theoretical apprehension at the end of a process. They
also endeavor to envisage the process itself, the forces of change, the phenomena
of these forces, and the moral issues raised by them. Löwith’s model can be a frame
for a philosophy of classical philosophies of history. The different divisions of world history into epochs made by them show what categories are deemed significant in order to conceptualize mankind as one subject through time. Löwith’s idea of nature seems to be at odds with the idea of nature set forth by an author whose importance he emphasizes, namely Charles Darwin: Darwin always conceives nature within time. However, Löwith’s skeptical back-to-nature line of thinking, against the pervasiveness of history and progress in the West, must be viewed within his critical appraisal of other thinkers such as Heidegger and Rosenzweig. His meditations on the diversity and the unity of mankind are still very significant today.